Xi holds three official titles: head of state (
guojia zhuxi, literally “state chairman”), chairman of the central military commission, and general secretary of the CCP. Though none of those translate directly to “president”, and despite the fact that official Chinese missives and state media reports almost always lead with Xi’s party title, the English-speaking world has by and large favoured “president”.
For 2018 and most of 2019, so did Pompeo. But over the past several weeks he has entirely abandoned that term in favour of “general secretary”, coinciding with a barrage of actions the Trump administration has taken against Beijing on matters ranging from Xinjiang and Hong Kong to Huawei and the South China Sea.
The administration’s “shift to using ‘general secretary’ should be seen as very deliberate,” said Alison Szalwinski, vice-president of research at the National Bureau of Asian Research and an expert on US policy toward China. “They want to draw a distinction between the leader of a representative government and one that is autocratic and authoritarian.”
“There comes a point when the simple truth is he’s not president in the liberal democracy sense of [a] president who is elected and enjoys the political support of civil society and the population,” said Robin Cleveland, chair of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC).
“He is an authoritarian dictator that sits atop a self-serving party,” she added. “So words matter.”
Set up by Congress to advise lawmakers on the national security implications of the two countries’ economic ties, the
USCC declared in its last annual report that it would no longer call Xi “president” but “general secretary” , which it called “the title by which he derives his authority.”
The alignment of the USCC and the executive branch on the matter marks just one of the ways that the panel, once considered significantly more hawkish than the mainstream, is now representative of the growing appetite in Washington for a tough response to Xi’s government.