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Old 04-16-2008, 07:34 AM   #1 (permalink)
Shek
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Let's 'Surge' Some More

Let's 'Surge' Some More - WSJ.com

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Let's 'Surge' Some More
By MICHAEL YON
April 11, 2008; Page A17

It is said that generals always fight the last war. But when David Petraeus came to town it was senators – on both sides of the aisle – who battled over the Iraq war of 2004-2006. That war has little in common with the war we are fighting today.

I may well have spent more time embedded with combat units in Iraq than any other journalist alive. I have seen this war – and our part in it – at its brutal worst. And I say the transformation over the last 14 months is little short of miraculous.

The change goes far beyond the statistical decline in casualties or incidents of violence. A young Iraqi translator, wounded in battle and fearing death, asked an American commander to bury his heart in America. Iraqi special forces units took to the streets to track down terrorists who killed American soldiers. The U.S. military is the most respected institution in Iraq, and many Iraqi boys dream of becoming American soldiers. Yes, young Iraqi boys know about "GoArmy.com."

As the outrages of Abu Ghraib faded in memory – and paled in comparison to al Qaeda's brutalities – and our soldiers under the Petraeus strategy got off their big bases and out of their tanks and deeper into the neighborhoods, American values began to win the war.

Iraqis came to respect American soldiers as warriors who would protect them from terror gangs. But Iraqis also discovered that these great warriors are even happier helping rebuild a clinic, school or a neighborhood. They learned that the American soldier is not only the most dangerous enemy in the world, but one of the best friends a neighborhood can have.

Some people charge that we have merely "rented" the Sunni tribesmen, the former insurgents who now fight by our side. This implies that because we pay these people, their loyalty must be for sale to the highest bidder. But as Gen. Petraeus demonstrated in Nineveh province in 2003 to 2004, many of the Iraqis who filled the ranks of the Sunni insurgency from 2003 into 2007 could have been working with us all along, had we treated them intelligently and respectfully. In Nineveh in 2003, under then Maj. Gen. Petraeus's leadership, these men – many of them veterans of the Iraqi army – played a crucial role in restoring civil order. Yet due to excessive de-Baathification and the administration's attempt to marginalize powerful tribal sheiks in Anbar and other provinces – including men even Saddam dared not ignore – we transformed potential partners into dreaded enemies in less than a year.

Then al Qaeda in Iraq, which helped fund and tried to control the Sunni insurgency for its own ends, raped too many women and boys, cut off too many heads, and brought drugs into too many neighborhoods. By outraging the tribes, it gave birth to the Sunni "awakening." We – and Iraq – got a second chance. Powerful tribes in Anbar province cooperate with us now because they came to see al Qaeda for what it is – and to see Americans for what we truly are.

Soldiers everywhere are paid, and good generals know it is dangerous to mess with a soldier's money. The shoeless heroes who froze at Valley Forge were paid, and when their pay did not come they threatened to leave – and some did. Soldiers have families and will not fight for a nation that allows their families to starve. But to say that the tribes who fight with us are "rented" is perhaps as vile a slander as to say that George Washington's men would have left him if the British offered a better deal.

Equally misguided were some senators' attempts to use Gen. Petraeus's statement, that there could be no purely military solution in Iraq, to dismiss our soldiers' achievements as "merely" military. In a successful counterinsurgency it is impossible to separate military and political success. The Sunni "awakening" was not primarily a military event any more than it was "bribery." It was a political event with enormous military benefits.

The huge drop in roadside bombings is also a political success – because the bombings were political events. It is not possible to bury a tank-busting 1,500-pound bomb in a neighborhood street without the neighbors noticing. Since the military cannot watch every road during every hour of the day (that would be a purely military solution), whether the bomb kills soldiers depends on whether the neighbors warn the soldiers or cover for the terrorists. Once they mostly stood silent; today they tend to pick up their cell phones and call the Americans. Even in big "kinetic" military operations like the taking of Baqubah in June 2007, politics was crucial. Casualties were a fraction of what we expected because, block-by-block, the citizens told our guys where to find the bad guys. I was there; I saw it.

The Iraqi central government is unsatisfactory at best. But the grass-roots political progress of the past year has been extraordinary – and is directly measurable in the drop in casualties.

This leads us to the most out-of-date aspect of the Senate debate: the argument about the pace of troop withdrawals. Precisely because we have made so much political progress in the past year, rather than talking about force reduction, Congress should be figuring ways and means to increase troop levels. For all our successes, we still do not have enough troops. This makes the fight longer and more lethal for the troops who are fighting. To give one example, I just returned this week from Nineveh province, where I have spent probably eight months between 2005 to 2008, and it is clear that we remain stretched very thin from the Syrian border and through Mosul. Vast swaths of Nineveh are patrolled mostly by occasional overflights.

We know now that we can pull off a successful counterinsurgency in Iraq. We know that we are working with an increasingly willing citizenry. But counterinsurgency, like community policing, requires lots of boots on the ground. You can't do it from inside a jet or a tank.

Over the past 15 months, we have proved that we can win this war. We stand now at the moment of truth. Victory – and a democracy in the Arab world – is within our grasp. But it could yet slip away if our leaders remain transfixed by the war we almost lost, rather than focusing on the war we are winning today.

Mr. Yon is author of the just-published Amazon.com: Moment of Truth in Iraq: How a New 'Greatest Generation' of American Soldiers is Turning Defeat and Disaster into Victory and Hope: Michael Yon: Books (Richard Vigilante Books). He has been reporting from Iraq and Afghanistan since December 2004.
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Old 04-16-2008, 13:01 PM   #2 (permalink)
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Shek Reply

So if we get this right afterall, doesn't that validate pre-emption and regime change?

Template's there. I'm sure we can do better on the next go-around with a bit of tweaking on the edges .
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Old 04-16-2008, 15:26 PM   #3 (permalink)
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So if we get this right afterall, doesn't that validate pre-emption and regime change?

Template's there. I'm sure we can do better on the next go-around with a bit of tweaking on the edges .

With a crowbar and a sledge hammer!
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Old 04-16-2008, 17:43 PM   #4 (permalink)
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I just finished up on the section of Nagl's Learning to Eat Soup With a Knife on British COIN during the Malayan Emergency, a lot of practical lessons to be learned from their experience. I'm glad to see Petraeus using them to good effect.
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Old 04-16-2008, 21:24 PM   #5 (permalink)
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i wonder how possible it is to increase the number of troops in the region- as it is, the army is rather stretched already. i'm pretty sure it would mean a return to 15 month deployments, which bush just got rid of (past aug 2008, IIRC).
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Old 04-17-2008, 06:04 AM   #6 (permalink)
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i wonder how possible it is to increase the number of troops in the region- as it is, the army is rather stretched already. i'm pretty sure it would mean a return to 15 month deployments, which bush just got rid of (past aug 2008, IIRC).
most things are possible, the greater issue is whether they are sustainable for long enough to work.

i have no doubt that the US could put an extra 100,000 troops in the field by adopting a 'we are at war and you'll stay there until its finished' doctrine (as well as binnng other deployments and hoping that nothing else crops up), the problem that will arise however is whether the people who are currently joining the US Army knowing that they will spend a year in Iraq every three years or so would continue to do so knowing that they might spend the next five years in Iraq.

if you have a volunteer army there is a limit to how hard you can push it, and no amount of cash or political will can stretch that limit.
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Old 04-17-2008, 14:48 PM   #7 (permalink)
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You can push a volunteer army as hard as you want, but at some point it will become a conscript army instead, like the British Army in WW1. The US has an unbelievable amount of combat power in reserve, but it is trying to maintain the nature of its volunteer forces while performing challenging, manpower intensive sustained operations. A very challenging task. The ace in the hole that I have seen in the US Army is there is a common appreciation that there is one thing definately worse than a tired Army, and that is a defeated Army.
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Old 04-18-2008, 06:35 AM   #8 (permalink)
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Where do we get the troops to increase forces in Afghanistan which we need to do as well as increase forces in Iraq again and cut deployment to 12 months next year???????
Since they seem unable to reach a political accord amongst themselves do we stay in Iraq forever? Wasn't Malaki in Iran most of the last 20 years? Why do we think a government run by Iranian sympathizers will be good for us?

I think we were better off with Saddam at least he was secular in rule and he hated Iran. He had no WMD it wasn't a slam dunk. We haven't brought peace and freedom to them have we? Couldn't the billions we have spent in iraq of aided in catching Osama who actually did attack us? What would the millions of refugees say about a statement saying we had brought peace? Dont you think the government in Iraq is a bit too cozy with Iran? is any other nation really good allies of ours and of Iran's...how will that work in the long run?

Whose camp do you think they will be drawn too when we leave. You do want to leave there someday right? How long does liberation take? When does liberation become occupation? If the Iraqi factions cant even agree on oil revenue sharing after a year what chance have they to govern? How many of the benchmarks our President laid out when he announced the implementation of what is a militarily successful surge have the Iraqis met? How come we the people have not been asked to make any sacrifices for this war but instead our children will get the bill? if this is so important isn't it important enough to pay for or?

How come we are supporting people who actually fought with Iran in the Iran/Iraq war when Saddam was our bastard?

How come Iraqis pay $1.30 for gas while the US Military pays over 3 dollars a gallon? Is it the behavior of a state that is committed to aiding us "root" out those well who are we fighting It changes weekly over there. is it Al Quada, Badr brigade, pkk or Mahdi army this week...anyway how come they aren't ponying up if they want us there?
Even the doctrine of pre-emption requires a threat. What real threat did Saddam pose to us? hasn't a destabilized Iraq been more of a threat the last 5 years? Every dictator wishes they had WMDs.
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Old 04-18-2008, 10:49 AM   #9 (permalink)
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I agree that the numbers don't work to ever increase troop strength in Iraq again and reduce tour lengths to 12 months. The 12 month tour length limits forces in Iraq to about 140,000. More troops (perhaps another BCT) could be sent to Afghanistan because the Army is expanding the number of BCTs it has available for deployment. It and the Marine Corps are finally getting bigger, so they can sustain more deployments.

The Iraqi's have come a LONG way toward politcial reconciliation. It is a myth that they have not. They have passed much more important legislation in the past year than the U.S. congress. Provincial elections are planned, deBatthification law passed, their budget passed, etc. The sole remaining major obstacle is the oil revenue sharing bill, but even that is showing new life after Maliki demonstrated to the Kurds and Sunnis that he is willing to fight the Shiite militias in Basra. Not an act of an Iranian sympathizer. He is also supporting efforts to root out Iranian networks in Iraq.

The U.S. will be in Iraq as long as Iraq wants us to be. Think Germany, Japan, and Korea. This would be good for the U.S., but unlikely to occur, since the Iraqi government simply does not want to have us cramp their style and look like they are a puppet. They will kick us out when they are confident that their own security forces can act effectively to preserve the prosperity of the state without U.S. direct aid. It is hard to predict when this will be, but with Iraqi security forces growing past 600,000, and increasing its combat effectiveness, I would say the U.S. will be gone in no more than five years, with most of the focus during that time being developing logisitical systems for the Iraqies.

We were not better off with Saddam. He posed no strategic threat to Iran after Desert Storm, his WMD bluff was to keep Iran from invading him in his permanently weakened state. Never ending U.N. sanction enforcement operations were not a good deal for the U.S. (people forget that Navy and Air Force have been at war with Iraq for 18 years, not just 5).

The ability to find Osama is limited by respect for national sovreignty of Pakistan, not money or troops. More troops would be helpful in Afghanistan NOW that the taliban has reconstituted, but this has only been the case since 2006, and their reconstitution was not pre-ordained.

The Kurds and Shiites of Iraq were virtual slaves to the Sunnis under Sadaam. Now they have a chance to determine their own destiny. A peace with servitude is not an acceptable peace. I have no sympathy for the Sunnis, they supported Sadaam and all his abuses.

Sadaam posed a threat because he had the potential to proliferate WMD to proxy forces who would have no restraint in using them against the US. He had every PROVEN intention of reinstating his WMD programs as soon as he could get away with it. It is folly to think that a dictator who's every dream of conventional conquest has been foiled, who has been at war with the U.S. since 1991, and is sitting upon a wrecked economy, would just passivly sit in his palace and not take measures to threaten the U.S. with proxy forces that had proven so effective on 9/11.

Iraq subsidizes it's gasoline price. It also rations gasoline. How a government spends is money (which almost totally comes from oil sales) is its own business. I WOULD like to see the start of some monetary support from the Iraqi government to offset the cost of US operations in Iraq. Japan pays over half the cost of the US presence in their country, it is reasonable to expect that the government of Iraq start paying some of our costs now that they are flush with cash from oil sales.

It seems like there is a new enemy in Iraq every month because there are SO MANY enemies in Iraq. It is the central front in the battle for the future of the middle east, it is strategically vital ground, so everyone is fighting over it. There was an Iraqi Sunni insurgency (largely defeated), and Al Queda insurgency (formerly allied with the Sunni insurgency, now largely defeated but still capable of killing), Shiite militias (at least two major militias), one under Sadr, supported by the Iranian Qom force of the Republican Guards. The fight has shifted amongst these forces, but the government has survived and increased its power and the US has gotten smarter in how it fights. The Sunnis are now allies against Al Queda, and it looks like the government is finally serious about fighting the militias (not just the US), with the full support of the Kurds and Sunnis who hate the Shiite militias.

The war is not over, but victory in Iraq is possible, with victory being an Iraq capable of providing for its own internal security (it may always require outside guarentees against Iran), a representative, constitutional government, with an expanding economy. It see this in five years.
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Old 04-19-2008, 11:52 AM   #10 (permalink)
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The war is not over, but victory in Iraq is possible, with victory being an Iraq capable of providing for its own internal security (it may always require outside guarentees against Iran), a representative, constitutional government, with an expanding economy. It see this in five years.
So, you're of the opinion Iraq was incapable of providing for its own internal security before the US invaded?

That's funny, I quite clearly recall numerous rebellions by Kurds and/or Shi'a elements being crushed rather quickly, much more efficiently and quickly than the US has been capable of doing.

The US cannot leave nor will it leave. The Turks can only keep the Kurds under control so long as the US is there, and once the US leaves, the Kurds will declare independence and the Russians will be among the first to recognize their sovereignty and through this new "Kosovo" right back in the face of the hypocrite US. On top of that, Maliki will not be re-elected in 2009 and there will be numerous problems.
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Old 04-19-2008, 14:00 PM   #11 (permalink)
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Yon's article is heartening and at the same time worrying. He's saying we've come far but we are in danger of faltering near the finish line. Congress, he says, is mired in consideration of past problems. But it is worse than that; we're in an election year and, as it happens, more votes can be won opposing Iraq, or at least criticizing the military's progress, than can be won supporting it and acknowledging the military's successes. Congress is largely the puppet of the people in an election year and the people are mostly for quitting. So, things will be said by politicians now that they do not mean. Not until after November will we see the real lay of the political landscape insofar as Iraq is concerned. Until then Bush will hold the line.
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Old 04-19-2008, 23:06 PM   #12 (permalink)
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yon's article is interesting, but i wonder if more troops in iraq would be better for overall strategic interests than the same amount added to afghanistan.

the next few months of pause/eval will show exactly how the iraqi gov't is using the space given by the surge, and then it will be decision time...
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