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Trident missile fire control trigger, USS Maine, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia. The black trigger is for training and demonstration purposes, the red trigger for actual missile launch is kept in the safe on the left. The submarine's commanding officer, weapons officer and two other teams of officers must each verify launch orders (received in the form of an Emergency Action Message or EAM) with keys and validation codes. Permissive Action Links were not added to Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) until 1997 because there were Cold War scenarios in which the crew was authorized to launch weapons without direct orders from the National Command Authorities (such as a post-attack environment in which no such authority had survived or could communicate) This autonomy (along with their inherent survivability) made submarines the most effective deterrents against a first strike attack. A SLBM cannot be recalled once launched.
Weapons panel, B-52H Stratofortress bomber, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. Bomber weapons (gravity bombs and cruise missiles) are equipped with Permissive Action Links (PALs) that require codes from a centralized authority to arm the weapon. These were instituted in the 1960's to prevent unauthorized use of nuclear weapons by renegade crew members or terrorists.
Trident missile fire control trigger, USS Maine, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia. The black trigger is for training and demonstration purposes, the red trigger for actual missile launch is kept in the safe on the left. The submarine's commanding officer, weapons officer and two other teams of officers must each verify launch orders (received in the form of an Emergency Action Message or EAM) with keys and validation codes. Permissive Action Links were not added to Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) until 1997 because there were Cold War scenarios in which the crew was authorized to launch weapons without direct orders from the National Command Authorities (such as a post-attack environment in which no such authority had survived or could communicate) This autonomy (along with their inherent survivability) made submarines the most effective deterrents against a first strike attack. A SLBM cannot be recalled once launched.
Weapons panel, B-52H Stratofortress bomber, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. Bomber weapons (gravity bombs and cruise missiles) are equipped with Permissive Action Links (PALs) that require codes from a centralized authority to arm the weapon. These were instituted in the 1960's to prevent unauthorized use of nuclear weapons by renegade crew members or terrorists.
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