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  • PU will pay Rs 50,000 for 5-year PhD

    Thursday, April 06, 2006 E-Mail this article to a friend Printer Friendly Version

    PU will pay Rs 50,000 for 5-year PhD

    LAHORE: The Punjab University (PU) will give Rs 100,000 to supervisors and Rs 50,000 to candidates on completion of the five-year PhD programme, said PU Vice Chancellor Arshad Mehmood.

    He was addressing a seminar on Research Methodology, which was organised by the PU’s Doctoral Programme Coordination Committee (DPCC) on Wednesday. He said that research played a pivotal role in a knowledge-based economy, therefore it should be applied, synthesised and comprehended for developing and upgrading of an organisation.

    Dr Shahida Husnain, chairperson DPCC and Dr Zafar Iqbal, professor IER gave presentation on various types of research methodology. APP
    http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default...-4-2006_pg7_18
    It appears that there is a dearth of PhD in Pakistan or for that matter higher education.(Remember, the threads on Pakistani education system and the various commissions' reports).

    They now have to pay to attract people to even try for a PhD!!

    Kya karee Kazi......

    I do hope that the PhDs churned out turn out to be worth the money given and worth the research and not given as a matter of routine to boost the statistics!


    "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

    I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

    HAKUNA MATATA

  • #2
    Here is something new on Paksitani education.


    Thursday, April 06, 2006 E-Mail this article to a friend Printer Friendly Version

    PSYCHOLOGY: What we teach in our schools —Humair Hashmi

    To portray women only, or mainly, as weak, dependent and vacillating decision-makers, may be stereotypical. But to under-portray them in different respects and in different roles, is an example of selectivity. The argument that some women may be so is valid but to portray all women and to highlight only these traits and characteristics of some women is selectivity

    A study by the Punjab Textbook Board in collaboration with the Lahore College for Women University (LCWU) and supported by UNESCO, Islamabad, is of particular importance in the context of the portrayal of genders. Carried out in November 2004, the study showed interesting results. Textbooks for schoolchildren in classes I to X were analysed. Here are some of the main findings:

    The Urdu textbooks used the male representation nearly around thrice as much as the female representation in general. In the same texts, the frequency of illustrations and pictures using the male representation was three times more than female representation. For every three illustrations depicting females, there were nine or ten depicting males. In the stories described in the texts, the male representation was more than twice as much as female representation; there were two stories about males for every story about the female responsibilities and activities. In role description, again the male representation was nearly thrice as much as female representation. The findings are for Urdu textbooks, for all classes at school level.

    English textbooks for classes I-X (textbooks for class VIII not included) were also evaluated. The gender disparities in these books were found in the frequency of illustrations, write-ups, stories, structures, roles and responsibilities. Specifically these analyses indicated that the male figure was depicted 61 percent of the time to 39 percent for the female figure. In stories the male heroes were portrayed 57 percent of the times and the female only 43 percent.

    A detailed numerical gender audit was also carried of the contents. An overview of gender disparities in these textbooks showed that the frequency of illustrations and pictures of female stood at 26 percent while the male stood at 74 percent. Stories relating to females stood at 9 percent and 91 percent for males.

    Character depiction related to male and female roles showed that the figures stood at 86 and 14 percent respectively. Illustrations and pictures depicting females were 34 percent while 66 percent depicted males. Stories that related to female roles were 22 percent to 78 percent for male roles. Different positive female roles were 16 percent to 84 percent for the opposite gender. One can only feel concerned and sorry for such a lopsided view being conveyed in our textbooks to impressionable minds.

    Closely related to stereotyping is a phenomenon called selectivity, which is to present a carefully selected side of the picture, or a particular interpretation. In the examples quoted above, selectivity for the purpose of censoring is at work. To portray women only, or mainly, as weak, dependent and vacillating decision-makers, may be stereotypical. But to under-portray them in different respects and in different roles, is an example of selectivity.

    The argument that some women may be so [week dependent and vacillating] is valid but to portray all women and to highlight only these traits and characteristics of some women is selectivity. Selectivity filters out, censors, or banishes a side of the picture. A selective portrayal of women in the media and books is an expression of selectivity bias.

    We can move beyond the gender and still observe selectivity. Faiz Sahib would often joke with his friends that Nawa-e-Waqt, the newspaper, always referred to him as the man convicted in the Pindi Conspiracy Case. The newspaper never mentioned this in reference to Arbab Niaz who was also convicted in the same case and served the jail sentence along with Faiz Sahib.

    Similarly our textbooks are full of stories of our heroes in various fields, but there is hardly ever any mention of our one and only Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam. Selectivity in instructional materials of our educational institutions to over- or under-emphasise reality, is distorting it. Another source of bias or censorship in our instructional materials for school curriculum is the selection and usage of language.

    Language is a powerful conveyer of ideas; when all humanity is described as “mankind”; when history is told as a tale of our “forefathers”; and when the head of an institution is described as a “chairman”; we implicitly deny the existence and the contribution of over 51 percent of our population. We also convey the dominance of the male role.

    Language is an important instrument also for censorship and distortion of reality. Our texts are full of such digressions. When all these tools and technologies, among others, are employed while writing and preparing textbooks for our schools and colleges, the overall effect on the tabula rasa, the clean slate of the impressionable mind, can be awesome. Our educators need to be aware of the facts and should intervene to correct the situation. This is the great challenge that faces them.

    This is the final of a two part series. The first part was published on March 30, 2006. Humair Hashmi is a consulting psychologist who teaches at Imperial College
    http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default...6-4-2006_pg3_2


    "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

    I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

    HAKUNA MATATA

    Comment


    • #3
      Originally posted by Ray
      It appears that there is a dearth of PhD in Pakistan or for that matter higher education.(Remember, the threads on Pakistani education system and the various commissions' reports).

      They now have to pay to attract people to even try for a PhD!!

      Kya karee Kazi......

      I do hope that the PhDs churned out turn out to be worth the money given and worth the research and not given as a matter of routine to boost the statistics!
      PU is indeed giving alot of scholarships. A batch fellow of mine has gone to UK for PhD and pu will be financing her studies there.
      Nisaar main teri galiyon pe aaye watan, ke jahan
      Chali hai rasm keh koi na sar utha keh chaley

      Comment


      • #4
        Originally posted by lahori Paa jee
        PU is indeed giving alot of scholarships. A batch fellow of mine has gone to UK for PhD and pu will be financing her studies there.

        Lahori,

        It makes me feel good that Pakistan is doing something about its education, especially after the dismal stuff one read on the threads and in the Pak papers.

        Good for you chaps.

        Honestly, proud of you guys.

        Well done and keep it up!
        Last edited by Ray; 07 Apr 06,, 11:31.


        "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

        I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

        HAKUNA MATATA

        Comment


        • #5
          Saturday, April 08, 2006 E-Mail this article to a friend Printer Friendly Version

          Up to 40,000 Punjab schools without basic facilities


          Staff Report

          GUJRANWALA: In Punjab, 40,000 out of total 63,000 schools are without basic facilities but the provincial government is giving attention to address their problems, said Imran Masood, the Punjab education minister.

          “The Education Reforms Programme adopted by Punjab Chief Minister Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi is based on national and Islamic canons wherein steps were being taken to take out the posterity from inferiority complex and making them productive citizens,” Masood told a gathering at the National Science College on Friday. He said the government was trying to develop a culture of research in schools and that computers and science faculties were being provided to public and private schools.

          “On the suggestion of the Punjab chief minister, education budget of every province is being increased from Rs 54 billion to Rs 62 billion,” he said. He said Rs 21 billion were being spent annually to buy laboratory equipment and furniture and supply water and electricity in schools.

          The government is spending Rs 700 million to give free education and free books and Rs 200 stipend to female students.

          “All possible facilities are being provided to private sector, while the Education Foundation is providing loans to private schools,” he said. Mr Masood gave away prizes, shields and certificates to high achievers.
          http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default...-4-2006_pg7_39
          Speaks volumes of the standard of education and facilities to promote education!


          "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

          I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

          HAKUNA MATATA

          Comment


          • #6
            WAB members keep surprising me. Instead of getting into serious discussions,most of them are intend on taking cheap shots at each other.

            Ray Sir, I would've hoped you to have started a thread on Mandal II instead of discussing Pakistani PHDs. How can someone so experienced like you ignore a topic so hot that it can change the future of India's higher education? This is an issue linked to my future and many other Indian students.
            If at first you don't succeed, call it v1.0!

            Comment


            • #7
              abcdefg,

              My apologies.

              Instead of pontification, could you address what's wrong with the content of the post?

              Or are you indicating that you are the next Mahatma Gandhi in the offing?

              Please go ahead and be one.

              No one is stopping you.

              For a starter start with your credential; and history.

              I will, without hesitation, state I am no Mahatma Gandhi nor have I the desire or inclination to be one!

              WAB members surprises you since they are surprisingly versatile.

              Everything that is new or uncommon raises a pleasure in the imagination, because it fills the soul with an agreeable surprise, gratifies its curiosity, and gives it an idea of which it was not before possessed.

              Therefore, when one is paid handsomely to get a PhD, it surprises me and so the surprised WAB member in me wishes to gratify the curiosity; and given the cordial equation Indian and Pakistanis have, the syntax exhibits this cordiality!

              If it were in any way otherwise, it would have left too many WAB members surprised and thereby you would not have been surprised and, not being surprised, you would have been denied the great opportunity to be surprised to hit the magic figure of 118th post of yours!

              Instead of being too surprised at the WAB members, be grateful that you have hit 118, being surprised all the time and all the way! ;)

              Surprise surprise!
              Last edited by Ray; 09 Apr 06,, 14:21.


              "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

              I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

              HAKUNA MATATA

              Comment


              • #8
                I'm a little curious here, does this include a PhD in micromanaging terror infrastructure and jihad too?

                abcd123,

                Mandal II will get the chapal treatment that it deserves. The EC has aready taken cognizance and the move will be resisted by the reputed institutions themselves.

                Now lets keep our attention to the state of higher education in Pakistan.

                How do you explain this dearth of PhD's in Pakistan ? Kindly tell us.

                Comment


                • #9
                  Ray Sir,

                  My ID is not abcdefg.. it is ab041937(its my metric # which I find convinient to remember).

                  Next, I do not wish to be next Mahatma or if anybody does he is living in a fools errand. It took ages for India to produce a Bapu.

                  I do agree that uncommon does evoke imagination. But, not finding a single thread discussing the current hot topic in Indian politics raises this issue of surprise & uncommon again. Do you feel the issue which I highlighted is not worth discussing even though it affects the current & future generations of our nation? We cannot be so ignorant about it..

                  The reason why I directed my post to you was that I hoped for you to have taken the initiative in starting a thread. Being the senior most, your thread would've invited other members for discussion something not likely with me.

                  Last, I seriously didnot understand the context of your reference towards my postcount.. It now stands at 119
                  If at first you don't succeed, call it v1.0!

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Originally posted by Karthik
                    abcd123,

                    Mandal II will get the chapal treatment that it deserves. The EC has aready taken cognizance and the move will be resisted by the reputed institutions themselves.

                    Now lets keep our attention to the state of higher education in Pakistan.

                    How do you explain this dearth of PhD's in Pakistan ? Kindly tell us.

                    Karthik, thanx for responding.. Election Commision's objections are temporary. Only the elections in the states are over they can't do a sh!t about it. It is not in their parameters. What surprises me is not a single political party in India has openly criticized it. IITs & IIMs are India's pride institution where merit is the sole criteria for admission. This would obviously affect their output.

                    About Pakistan, though this topic hardly interests me..

                    After independence, Pakistan's thrust majorly was on exporting low-end skilled labour to middleeast & various countries. They went for an open economy where everything they needed was built for them by foreign companies. Thus they lacked the need to develop higher education infrastructure. The idea was to get maximum revenue to develop a working economy. India on the other hand was more leaning towards socialist model of a society where everything was to be produced at home. Nehru was a visionary leader who wanted India to be technologically advanced and therefore he embarked upon creating institutions of higher learning. Thus IITs, IIMS, AIIMS, RECs were established. A lot of government money went into these institutions with very little or no return. Many a time, These issues were raised in the parliament as well. But, the GOI was adamant on establishing institutions comparable to Harvard, MIT. This was the luxury Pakistan didn't have orthey didnot feel the need at that time.

                    It was only after India's technological Miracle in the late 90s & early 21 st century that Pakistan realized how much they lag behind India.
                    If at first you don't succeed, call it v1.0!

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      abcd,

                      You can start another thread about Arjun Singh's latest fiasco. Lets discuss it there.

                      The focus here is on Pakistan's higher education system.

                      How on God's green earth can they achieve 'enlightened moderation' if their higher education system is virtually non existent? No wonder then that there is a bee line for open heart surgeries in India.

                      What about doctors in Pakistan? Are there enough doctors ?

                      Alas, the world leader in madrassa coaching will find it difficult to compete in the era of the knowledge economy.

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        ab041937,

                        I am cutting and pasting your Moniker since I was never good at mathematics and there are so many cards these days that I can't even remember them or their numbers.

                        Just now, the electricity had broken down and when I was registering a complaint, they asked me by consumer number! They expect me to hunt down the files and find my consumer number which is 12 digits and then give it to them so that they can register the complaint!

                        Therefore, numbers baffle me as also irritates me.

                        Indeed, India is no Paradise with 72 virgins! I totally agree. It is a wood which is lovely, dark and deep and it has many promises to keep and miles to go for it sleeps and miles to go before it sleeps.

                        Now I understand what you mean by Mandal II. Of course, it is a gigantic stupidity on the part of the prize idiots of India - the politicians, especially the doddering old goat, Arjun Singh, who has one fooot in the grave and one on the bannana peel! He looks like a fool with his Kulu cap and that crutch of a walking stick!

                        But the biggest fool is that idiot who started the whole show, VP Singh, with his Sheik Abdullah cap.

                        Interesting one is the "Raja" of Shankargarh and the other of the fiedom next to Rewa (I forget the name, though I had done a military exercise there)

                        Of course it requires discussion, but I know so little of the case. In fact, it has revolted me so much that I hardly wish to read about it.

                        Since, you know so much about it and since you are affected, no one has stopped you from posting the same with your views in the Indian Discussion or South Asian Forum. Go ahead. Start the bandwagon rolling!

                        Why do you expect me to take the lead in everything, even though it does massage my ego?! I am sure you can take the lead too. As a young student, I think you should be more bold and daring to take the plunge into an issue that affects your future.

                        Go ahead and post the same in the South Asian forum or the Indian Discussion even if it degenerates into an Indo Pak mudslinging. As they say in India, Lotus blooms in the mud.

                        I am no Mao, but let a 1000 Lotus bloom.

                        Looking forward to your thread. I don't think I shall be able to contribute constructively, but it surely will allow me to let the spleen flow against the greatest enemies of India, our vote bank politicians of all hues!


                        "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

                        I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

                        HAKUNA MATATA

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          about mandal II .. nothing is gonna happen once the elections are over.. no party can dare to cut down its funding from the indian industry..( they will be severely effected .by loosing half of their future employees.).

                          if they were seriously interested in doing something for the obc/sc/st they would have allocated a lot of money in the budget for investment in education and jobs in the backward areas and backward tribes.
                          its just a matter of few weeks before the news dies down.

                          about the paksitan issue theres another interesting thing i heard, there was a proposal recently to open IITs and IIMs to paksitans students via JEE etc. maybe a trial to make india as a regional educational hub..

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            Sunday, April 09, 2006 E-Mail this article to a friend Printer Friendly Version

                            VIEW: Two chief ministers and President Musharraf —Dr Hasan-Askari Rizvi

                            A Punjab-based non-government organisation (NGO) has brought to public notice that the Punjab government plans to continue inducting army officers in the Education Department for monitoring assignments. This system was introduced in 1999 for three years. It was extended in 2002 and has continued. The NGO argued that there was no justification for inducting ex-service personnel in the Education Department when qualified civilians were available

                            It seems that the chief ministers of the Punjab and Sindh are competing with each other to establish their respective credentials as a Musharraf loyalist and a friend of the army. The exercise is meant to secure a prominent role in their respective provinces in the forthcoming general elections.

                            To sustain them in power and for neutralising intra-party rumblings against them, the two chief ministers need the blessings of President General Pervez Musharraf. If the president withholds his support both chief ministers are expected to face challenges — if not revolts — from within the party. The Sindh chief minister’s troubled relationship with the former provincial minister, Imtiaz Sheikh, is kept within manageable limits mainly because of the federal government’s blessings.

                            Positive interaction with President Musharraf facilitates the cooperation of the federal government, which in turn helps the provincial governments deal with administrative and political problems. This also enables the provincial governments to deal effectively with their major political adversaries, i.e. the Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) and the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz Sharif group (PML-N).

                            Two other considerations make the president’s blessings imperative for both chief ministers. The return of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif to Pakistan for electioneering poses the most credible challenge to the provincial PML leadership in the Punjab and Sindh. Without the full backing of the federal government the provincial PML leaders will not find it easy to cope with Ms Bhutto and Mr Sharif. The threat of these leaders’ return will keep the two chief ministers close to the president and the federal government.

                            Further, one is not sure at this stage about the president’s plans for setting up caretaker administrations at the provincial level after the dissolution of the provincial assemblies. The present chief ministers might like to continue as heads of the caretaker administrations. If that is not possible, they would like a person of their choice to hold this position. This underlines the importance of a relationship of confidence and trust with the president who will appoint the caretakers. He will definitely like the PML and its allies to do well in both provinces, neutralising the PPPP and the PML-N. However, this does not necessarily mean that the president has to rely on the present power configuration in the Punjab and Sindh.

                            The Punjab chief minister is more secure than his counterpart in Sindh. He has a relatively firm hold over the PML, although simmering discontent is noticeable. The Sindh chief minister faces greater pressure from his PML colleagues and other allies. He has also to ensure that the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) chief, Altaf Hussain, supports his government. After all if the MQM decides to abandon him, he may find it difficult to hang on to his office unless the presidency’s intervenes on his behalf.

                            The Punjab chief minister supports President Pervez Musharraf’s policies and wants him to continue in both offices even after the forthcoming elections. While addressing the PML public meeting in Lahore on March 23, the chief minister said that the PML would “re-elect General Musharraf president-in-uniform to ensure continuity of his policies which had saved the country from default and being tagged as a terrorist state.” He continued, “No matter whether somebody likes the idea or not, the PML will elect President Musharraf for another term.”

                            The Sindh chief minister also addressed the public meeting and endorsed the leadership of General Pervez Musharraf for the next term. He said that the PML “would re-elect him (President Musharraf) for another term and it was for him to take a decision on his uniform. We want General Musharraf to continue to lead the country.”

                            These statements reflect the overall tone of both speeches. The speakers endorsed President Musharraf for another term even if he continued to combine the presidency with the command of the army. In fact the undercurrent of the speeches was that he should hold on to the post of the army chief. These statements were quite close to what Dr Sher Afgan Niazi, the federal minister for parliamentary affairs, said on September 21, 2005 i.e. there was “no bar on Musharraf to resign as COAS to contest for the next tenure as president.” Dr Niazi had also said General Pervez Musharraf was “a lifetime chief of army staff”.

                            The Punjab chief minister has made two significant moves to appease the army. The Punjab government will soon recruit 50 army officers of the rank of major to serve as the district highways patrolling officers to supervise the highway police in the province. This has caused resentment in the police force as the career advancement of many officers is threatened by this move.

                            A Punjab-based non-government organisation (NGO) has brought to public notice that the Punjab government plans to continue inducting army officers in the Education Department for monitoring assignments. This system was introduced in 1999 for three years. It was extended in 2002 and has continued. The NGO argued that there was no justification for inducting ex-service personnel in the Education Department when qualified civilians were available. Now, the planned induction in the police causes concern among the officers who would lose legitimate opportunities for career advancement.

                            More retired and serving military (mainly army) officers have been inducted in civilian jobs in government and semi-government institutions under General Pervez Musharraf than any previous military ruler. The retired military officers serving on civilian assignments no longer mention their rank and the serving officers have been advised not to wear their uniform on civilian assignments. This helps make less visible the presence of serving and retired military personnel in civilian jobs.

                            For civilian institutions the induction of military officers to civilian jobs and the phenomenal expansion of the scope of commercial, industrial, real estate development and related activities of the military and its five welfare foundations is demoralising. The civilian institutions have been overwhelmed by the military. This does not augur well for the future of democracy and promotion of socio-cultural tolerance and political moderation.

                            A section of the political elite has cooperated with the military in its bid to expand its non-professional activities and interests. In order to advance their political careers, they have cultivated the top commanders, encouraging the latter to maintain their grip on the civilian affairs. This arrangement serves the immediate power needs of the senior commanders and a section of the political elite but it undermines the development of vibrant and viable civilian institutions and processes. This also causes a rift between the military and sections of the civil society that do not want to get on the military bandwagon.

                            If Pakistan is to cope with its internal problems, the crisis of trust between the civil and the military institutions has to be overcome. This can be possible only if the generals make space available to the genuine leaders of the people and stay away from sycophants. The top commanders need to make a cool-headed and dispassionate analysis of the current political situation and pay attention to strengthening the civilian processes. Elections alone will not stop the current political drift. Alternatively, they can hold on to power with the help of a section of the political elite but such narrow based arrangements do not endure.

                            Dr Hasan-Askari Rizvi is a political and defence analyst
                            http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default...9-4-2006_pg3_2
                            If Army men are to head Education, then there will be very little to show. It is not that the army men cannot do so, but they are rather regimented and in education, there has to be the freedom of thought and action. The minds must be actively fertile ands free.

                            In so far as toadying to Musharraf, it is an old disgusting habit of ji huzoori and saluting the rising sun!.


                            "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

                            I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

                            HAKUNA MATATA

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Here's another top chamcha (boot licker) at work!


                              Musharraf to remain president after 2007 :Rashid


                              RAWALPINDI, April 8: Federal Information Minister Sheikh Rashid Ahmed has said that President General Pervez Musharraf will remain president of the country after the 2007 elections. He was talking to media persons here on Saturday after a plant sapling ceremony organised by the Pakistan Tobacco Company at Liaquat Bagh. The minister said that President Musharraf had been elected president of the country constitutionally and it depended on him whether he would obtain votes from the present assemblies or future assemblies would elect him.

                              Mr Rashid said that a uniformed president was imperative for the country as enemies of the country were engaged in nefarious designs. He expressed his hope that the Pakistan Muslim League would win the next election with a big margin. Sheikh Rashid while answering a question regarding Iran issue, said that the Foreign Office would answer that question.

                              He said that political gatherings in Liaquat Bagh had been banned while Rawalpindi Hyde Park would be constructed along with Nullah Lai for political purposes. The minister said that Punjab government had provided Rs500 million for the renovation and beautification work of Liaquat Bagh, adding that the Pakistan Tobacco Company had cooperated to plant 40 million saplings in the different parks of the city.—Online

                              http://www.dawn.com/2006/04/09/top13.htm


                              "Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

                              I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

                              HAKUNA MATATA

                              Comment

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