Ray

The News International (Pakistan)
29 July 2000
Op-Ed. (Sorry, no URL)

ORIGINS OF QUETTA VIOLENCE

by Asad Rahman

Since the end of the last civil war 1973-77, Balochistan as a whole has
been spared the bloodshed, terror and brutalisation of civil society
witnessed in Sindh and Punjab until the recent rocket and bomb attacks
over the past few months. From all the reports appearing in the press,
the local administration and security forces seem to be at a loss as to
the identity of the perpetrators. This confusion is a reflection of the
apathy of the internal security agencies towards law and order in a
province that has seen four civil wars.

The genesis of these civil wars lies in how Balochistan became part of
the newly created state of Pakistan in 1947. The first two, 1948 and
1958, lasted a few months and ended in surrender of the nationalist
groups along with the incarceration of the then Khan of Kalat, Ahmed Yar
Khan, under house arrest in Lahore for 15 odd years until a few years
before his death. The surrenders were brought about with oath on the
Holy Qur'aan by then Colonel Tikka Khan, later General, to right the
wrongs perpetrated on Balochistan by the federal governments. Nawab
Nouroz Khan, leader of the 1958 resistance, died at the age of 90 in
Hyderabad jail. Six of his companions, his sons and nephews, were hung
until dead in the same jail. His son tied a copy of the Holy Qur'aan
around his neck on the day of his hanging asking for it to be hung along
with him as it was on its oath that they had surrendered.

The third civil war lasted six years from 1962 to 1968. Only two battles
of any note took place in these six years with heavy losses on the
paramilitary side and victories for the Baloch. The Baloch did not
suffer much in terms of human losses but lost a huge number of livestock
(their mainstay economic activity) through bombardment. The fourth and
last civil war, 1973 to 1977, was the bloodiest in terms of human and
economic terms. The army and paramilitary forces engaged in this war
numbered around 80,000 men supported by Iranian helicopter gunships,
armoured vehicles and mortar artillery. It was the first civil war in
which the elite SSG Commando units were also sent into battle. Against
this the Baloch resistance fielded some 1,000 guerrilla fighters at any
given moment with antiquated second world war weapons like the Enfield
.303, hunting rifles and locally made Darra rifles. It is estimated that
the government forces suffered nearly 5,000 casualties while the Baloch
guerrilla forces suffered 1,500 casualties, both combatant and
non-combatant.

The scale in which modern weaponry was used in this civil war forced
some 7,000 families to seek refuge in Afghanistan where they remained as
refugees for sixteen years until their return to Balochistan in 1992.
These wars were the result of political and economic mismanagement by
successive federal governments in their relations and resource
allocations to the smaller (in terms of population) provinces of
Balochistan, Sindh and NWFP. The tribal setup of Balochistan, with some
radical nationalist Sardars, Nawabs and an armed population was always
in the forefront in demanding equitable provincial rights. Instead of
acting in a patriotic, nationalist and accommodating manner, all federal
governments have resorted to repressive force to quell their aspirations
of identity as Pakistanis, economic progress and a standard of living
equal to that of the other developed areas of the country.

With dismal education and economic standards, shackled in an oppressive
tribal system, the general public still has no say in the political
affairs of Balochistan and have to depend on their Sardars, Nawabs and
influentials to represent them at the provincial and national levels.
Historically, the institution of Sardar was democratic and was elected
from any section or family of the tribe whom they felt could best
represent the interests of the tribe. It was British colonialists who
converted this institution into a hereditary one and thus contributed to
the emergence of an oppressive, repressive and exploitative institution.
In the light of this development, some Sardars and Nawabs took on the
role of representatives for the whole of the Baloch nation. Thus formed
the ruling elite of the Baloch who, following in the footsteps of the
national ruling elite, indulged in corruption, repression of their own
people and used their people's armed power to serve their own self
interests, aggrandizement and projection.

This was the situation in the 1970s when a few young educated people
from Lahore and Karachi were invited by (then) radical nationalist
leaders of Balochistan, Nawab Khair Baksh Marri and Sher Mohammed Marri,
to come into their tribal area for social work. These boys not only made
significant contributions in the armed resistance from 1973 to 1977 but
also made another vital contribution in raising the awareness of the
people to the exploitative nature of the tribal and Sardari system. It
is because of this awakening of the people that has led to internal
tribal conflicts between the Sardars and their tribal subjects. These
conflicts are epitomised in the ongoing conflicts in the orthodox Marri
and Bugti tribes. In the Marri tribe, the conflict has its beginnings in
the refugee camps in Afghanistan when the Bijarani sections led by Sher
Mohammed and Mir Hazar Ramkani began to question the role of Nawab Khair
Baksh Marri, Sardar Ataullah Mengal in the 1973-77 resistance war and
the aid that they had purportedly received from various sympathetic
countries and sources for the war effort.

This falling out between the Bijaranis and the Nawab split the tribe
into three factions, the pro-Nawab and anti-Nawab factions and those
that remain neutral. The Bijarani section is the majority of the tribe
constituting nearly 55%, while the Gazainis number around 30% and the
remaining 15% are the Loharanis/Sheranis. Nawab Khair Baksh belongs to
the Bhawalanzai subsection of the Gazainis. The position of the Nawab at
present is very precarious even amongst the Gazainis as most have turned
away from him due to his stance against any economic or political/social
development for his tribe. The Bijaranis on the other hand are trying to
cooperate with the provincial and federal governments to develop the
areas that fall under their control. They have invited the oil company
that holds the lease for their area (block 2 to come in and explore
for oil and gas. On their own they have begun to mine coal from the
Kohlu area against the wishes of the Nawab. The Nawab allegedly
retaliated by having one of the coal transporting trucks attacked in
which one Pathan was killed and some others injured. The mining
operation continued with the Bijaranis providing security to the coal
transporters. Subsequently the murder of Justice Mohammed Nawaz Marri, a
Bijarani, was committed a few months ago. The local authorities arrested
Nawab Khair Baksh for allegedly instigating this murder. The Nawab's
sons are also wanted for interrogation but are absconding.

It is a known fact that Nawab Khair Baksh and Sardar Attaullah have
nurtured the dream of a greater Balochistan for decades constituted by
the Baloch areas of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistani Balochistan. It has
been reported that a hitherto undeclared Balochistan Liberation Army is
claiming responsibility for the recent bomb blasts and rocket attacks in
Quetta. It is also noteworthy that ever since Nawab Khair Baksh has been
under arrest that these bombings have taken place periodically and their
frequency has increased. Is there a connection keeping in view the
history of the four civil wars, the dream of a greater Balochistan, the
attacks on the Bijaranis opposing Khair Baksh, the murder of Justice
Marri and the emergence of the Balochistan Liberation Army? These are
the questions that the investigating and security agencies have to
answer in order to unravel this dangerous situation and stop it from
escalating.

__________________


"Some have learnt many Tricks of sly Evasion, Instead of Truth they use Equivocation, And eke it out with mental Reservation, Which is to good Men an Abomination."

I don't have to attend every argument I'm invited to.

HAKUNA MATATA

visioninthedark

JanKhandeAfghan;

although I find this utterly stupid ... BUT

since you force me and chose to malign my people ... please find attached many many pictures of Afghans/Pathans ...

I posted many many pictures of PUBLIC i.e. PUBLIC PICTURES IN GENERAL of ordinary people in Kashmir... you searched so hard and posted one pic and even I don't know if its a true Kashmiri or your own picture ...

anyways ... here are pic of pushtoons;


AAEC001020| RM| © Reza; Webistan/CORBIS
Pashtun Mujahideen of Mahaz-e Melli Group
© Reza; Webistan/CORBIS
Photographer: Reza
Date Photographed: ca. May-June 1983
Location Information: South of Kabul, Afghanistan




MZ001302| RM| © Mike Zens/CORBIS
A Pathan boy holds a toddler.
© Mike Zens/CORBIS




AAEC001009| RM| © Reza; Webistan/CORBIS
Pashtun Villager on Hill
© Reza; Webistan/CORBIS
Photographer: Reza
Date Photographed: ca. May-June 1983
Location Information: South of Kabul, Afghanistan




000275822-007| RM| © PATRICK ROBERT/CORBIS SYGMA
Afghan Resistance Commander Answering Questions
Afghan Resistance Commander Abdul Haq at a press conference.
© PATRICK ROBERT/CORBIS SYGMA
Photographer: Patrick Robert
Date Photographed: May 3, 1992
Location Information: Kabul, Afghanistan




UT0101247| RM| © Reuters/CORBIS
ALKOZAI HUGGS THE AFGHAN KINGS GRANDSON MOSTAPHA ZAHIR IN KOENIGSWINTER
Original caption: Haji Ataullah Alkozai, a member of the Peshawar group, hugs Mostapha Zahir (R), grandson of former Afghan King Zahir Shahis and a representative of the Rome delegation, following the official signing ceremony of an U.N. brokered Afghanistan deal at the German government guesthouse Petersberg in Koenigswinter near Bonn December 5, 2001. Afghan rivals struck a landmark accord on Wednesday to set aside two decades of war and form a post-Taliban government led by Pashtun chief Hamid Karzai to steer their shattered nation towards democracy. The U.N. brokered deal, reached before dawn on the ninth day of gruelling talks, creates a government with 30 members reflecting Afghanistan's ethnic diversity to rule for about six months until a Loya Jirga, or traditional assembly, is held. REUTERS/Ralph Orlowski
© Reuters/CORBIS



MF006760| RM| © Michael Freeman/CORBIS
Bearded Pathan Man
© Michael Freeman/CORBIS



MF006988| RM| © Michael Freeman/CORBIS
Food Stalls at a Pathan Fair
Chopped lamb is fried on hot plates over open wood fires.
© Michael Freeman/CORBIS




I LEAVE IT TO THE VIEWS TO SEE WHO IS WHAT .... THERE ARE PICTURES OF KASHMIRIS AND THOSE OF PUKHTOONS .... ORDINARY PICTURES OF KASHMIRIS ...



Now ... don't act like a blind person and go back to that madrassah you came from ...

__________________

Please visit http://www.visiongwadar.com/platinum/index.html

JanKhandeAfghan

Brown butted ****,
Posting photo of The Brahui and claiming them to be Pashtons future shows your inferiorty complex. Off course as a **** with less then 57 years of history, no identity and no reason for being a nation other then religion it is very common to suffer from deep self aversion and claim to be something you are not.

For a change take a look at this site which explains about Brahui people and their origin.

http://www.baloch2000.org/people/ethnic.htm


These are typical Barhais from Mahaz a



here are a few Afghan people.




From http://www.mardan.sdnpk.org/History%20and%20Culture.htm




From http://www.campeace.org/afghanistan1.html





Do you see the Mideterianian race of these people? Hello Brown **** boy!

JanKhandeAfghan

For not allowing me to post all these images, so here is part two




Bloody Brown *****,
take another look at this guy!









here brown butty ****, take a look at this guy!
Can you tell this guy is Mideterian?











...


Here lets compare Afghan and Brown *****!

here are pic of Kashmirs!



Typical Brown butty **** Kashmiries----by the way why you brown sack of sh*T wear Pashton cloths? Wear your own dipear **** boy!



Thursday, June 17, 1999 Published at 10:16 GMT 11:16 UK
World: South Asia
Indian navy put on high alert
Thousands of Kashmiris have fled the shelling



Muhammad Farooq Rehmani Chairman JKPFL& Convener APHC

This guy is Kashmir leader , you see the typical Brown **** look of his? Hello?


Here is Afghan presedent Karzia


Dr Abdullah Minster of external


Here is an Afghan with a nordic lady--

Afghan Minister of Higher Education Dr. Faisel & Dr. Jennifer Noyan


DO you now see the difference between Mediterranean Afghan (irano-Afghan race) and Brown *****!



Here ARE pics of Kashmires!





From http://sangha.net/Photos/Kashmir.htm Kashmir Photo Gallery








.


Bonehead, the point is as you can see, all brown butt ***** are Indic in race and Afghans like Iranian, Tajiks, Kurds, Palestinians, Italians, Greeks, are Mediterranean!
Get this in your brown butted head!!!!

JanKhandeAfghan

[quote=Aryan]
Lets see, Ghanavid, Gories, Lodies, Suries, Abdulies, just to name a few. Also Mughals were Afghanistani-----Hazaras! Babur was king of Kabul bonehead before he took India from Afghan King Ibraham Loudi!


At the time my great great grand father was governor of Kashmir, your great great grand father was wearing dipear-----**** cloths!


From Kashmir Paradise on Earth http://www.jktourism.org/cities/kashmir/site-see/

"The well-known sights in the city are Shankaracharya Temple atop the hill called Takht-e-Suleiman, a 5 km climb from Nehru Park on a metalled road. Across the city is another, much lower hill crowned by the Hari Parbat Fort, built by an Afghan governor of Kashmir in the 18th century. The low wall enclosing the upper part of the hill was constructed by Emperor Akbar. On the hill are several famous places of worship: the temple of goddess Sharika, the shrine of Muslim saint Makhdoorn Sahib, and the historic Sikh Gurudwara Chatti Padshahi."

Now go check the name of Muhammed Azim Khan my great great grand father!


Stop being sarcastic brown butty ****, your grandmom being rape by Afghans does not turns you a brown butted **** into Mediterranean proud Afghan! You will always be an ID-less, cultureless and fanatic Dewbandi ****! Sometimes i wonder if it is the Dewbandi religion that turns you characterless scams into animals----since the Hindu Indians i know are very ethical with high character people!

Ray

Brown butts/ white butts/ speckled butts/ or whatever,

Please post small pictures. It takes hours to open the page.

Thank you.

Also thank you both, it was most educative. I learnt a lot. I also thank you for the comic relief. Caught iwith the hand in the cookie jar; covered the faux pas as 'pagan' tribes?

Just because they are in the minority, they are 'pagan'? Come on get real. Let everyone's belief flourish so long as they don't start killing you with relgious claptrap. Is killing in the name of religion not also pagan-ish. If a religion was so terriffic, love would convert and not the sword. No jihad and other ********.

I support the Afghans, those who have not been influenced by the Taliban wierdos taught in the mad asses of the madrassas in Pokistan. I like Karzai.

Balochis are rebelling. There is a Balochi Liberation Army. That is a rebellion or a freedom movement?

Those who live in glass houses should not..........

Aryan

You really are an idiot, all the pictures Vision posted they weren't Brahui, they were Pashtoos, and you think thats all there are? There are hundreds more.

All the pictures you posted of Afghans are under studio lighting, you could make an African look white under them. All the skinny/naked pictures of Pushtos in open look pretty dark to me.

Hazara's aren't Afghans, did anyone ask them if they wanted to be part of Afghanistan?

Ghaznavi = Turk
Ghauri = Turk
Babur = Turk

All came to Afghanistan, or ancestors came to afghanistan to plunder it. When they discovered Afghanistan was pretty much a land barren of civilisation and development, they went on to Pakistan and India. Hence my point they used Afghanistan like a brothel.

Now look at all the other nations that have enjoyed the Afghan women; Persia, Greece, Pakistan, India (under Asoka), Turkey and central Asian nations, Mongolia, China, Sikhs, the Russians and the British. That list isn't exhaustive.

Now do you see my point about how contructing sentences in English remains a challenge for you?

I'm not deobandi, I'm shia. Most Pakistanis aren't deobandi, they are either shia or Barelwi. Deobandi is based in India, and the only group in Pakistan who follow the Deobandi school of thought are the Pushto.

And while we are on the subject, if you say Pakistan's history only reaches as far back as 1947, then Afghanistan's only goes as far back as 1747.

LOL, now you are talking out of your arse. You obviously can't even spell anthropology, let alone comprehend it.

Ray

Aryan,

You are guilty of terminological inexactitude. Babar etc did not come through Pakistan. There was nothing called Pakistan then.

History my boy, history!

Aryan

Then people who claim Julius Caesar invaded and occupied Egypt are also guilty of "terminological inexactitude", there was no Egypt then.

P.S, cut the ******** vocabulary out, it's a sign of insecurity. If you want to prove yourself as an educated person, studying a thesaurus isn't the way to go about it.

roshan

Theres quite a lot of nonsense being posted about the history of India.

First of all, Mahmud of Ghazni who first conquered northern India was a seljuq turk.

When the seljuq turks began to decline, the karikatai turks who inhabited ghor attacked ghazna and destroyed it. Due to this the Ghaznavids crumbled and were replaced by smaller Hindu and Muslim states. Then the karikatai turk Mohammed Ghor invaded north India.

After the Ghorids crumbled, a slave of the Ghorids, Qutuddin Aibak took over. This dynasty was known as the slave dynasty. These slaves, called mamluks, were trained specialists of warfare who served the sultans, and were almost exclusively turks. So we have a third turkish dynasty.

Then you had the Khiljis, another Turkish dynasty. Alauddin Khilji fought off a a number of mongol attacks.

Then you had a couple of people from the Tughluq dynasty who were also turks.

The power of the Delhi sultanate was then destroyed by Timur the Lame who was also a Turk, and it was after the Turks from outside India destroyed the Turkic Delhi Sultanate that the Afghan Lodi Dynasty took over.

However, Afghan rule in India only lasted for 70 years until the Turkic Mughals under Babur invaded and defeated the Afghans.

15 years later, the Afghan Sher Shah of Sur reestablished Afghan rule in Delhi, but the Afghans only ruled for 13 years until Baburs son Humayun defeated them

So, Afghans only ruled North India for less than 85 years total.


Of course, after the Mughal collapse, some Afghans were able to conquer Kashmir and parts of Punjab but their expansion was checked by Sikhs and Marathas.

Ray

Aryan,

I don't require a dictionary or a thesaurus just because you require it. Catch me being insecure. Those who are, claim pseudo British or white affinity or passing off as German. I am happy to be an Indian.

Must I prove that I am educated? Isn't that evident. You don't have to prove axioms. Since you are having a problem with my English, an axiom is a "statement or proposition that needs no proof because its truth is obvious".

If someone wishes to call it Egypt, then he is as iliterate as a person who claims that the invaders to came through Pakistan! It is, to say the least, most amusing.

It was also hilarious to see you so vehemently trying your best to prove that you are white! Tell me, what's so great about being white? As a Pakistani, isn't it time that you claim you are yellow since you ahve been 'chamchafying' (lapdogging) the Communist Chinese? Show me one genuine white claiming he is white! Actually, they love to loll on the beach to get a tan!

You flash photos of tribes i.e. Kalash who are not Kashmiris and then when 'caught' call those same tribes as pagans since they don't follow Islam! Aren't you being a trifle juvenile?

Ray

Roshan,

The Afghans ruled Kashmir for a long time.

roshan

True, the Afghans ruled Kashmir from 1767-1819, which was quite a long time. But I did not say that the Afgahns didnt rule long, all I said was that conquering Kashmir and parts of Punjab is not equal to conquering India.

The only time that Afghans ever ruled a significant portion of India was during the Lodis, whose reign only lasted 70 years. And the only reason that the Lodis came to power was because the Turk Tamerlane destroyed the Turkic Delhi sultanate. Except for the Lodis, all the other Muslim rulers in India were Turks, not Afghans.

Jay

And ofcourse Delhi, UP, Punjab is just not India. Other than Malik Kafur (Slave Dynasty) no one has won against South Indian kings. Even Malik Kafur just won the Pandiya Kingdom and ruled Madurai for 60 years, which was reclaimed by Krishnadeva Raya's Vijaynagar Empire.

__________________
A grain of wheat eclipsed the sun of Adam !!

Ray

Catch some myopic individuals understanding ancient India.

At least one, whose dawn of history goes way back to only to 1947 may not comprehend too far back in years. From him, civilisation started I reckon in 1947 and anything beyond is mere figment of a heated fertile mind.