underwater studies

**Franco Lolan** · 19 Nov 04,, 03:12

"China has built a long-range high frequency (HF) and very low frequency (VLF) communication capability to support distant operations. Initial fleet submarine command links were long-range HF radios left by the departing Russians at Port Arthur and Qingdao. In 1958 Russia agreed to supply a high-power VLF site, and in 1982 Russia completed construction of an extremely high-power VLF station. The distant South Fleet naval communication link was a low frequency (LF) station in Zhanjiang. The first high-power LF station was built in Hainan in 1965.

By 1980, submerged submarine communications were possible via VLF transmitters at Zhanjiang and Yulin. Chinese VLF sites are 20.5 kilohertz, which is bracketed by Russian Pacific VLF of 18.1 kilohertz and 21.1 kilohertz. China currently has 12 VLF stations. Two examples of fleet submarine command and control (C2) in the Yellow Sea provide conflicting arguments on the issue of effectiveness. In 1994 a Han SSN located the USS Kitty Hawk carrier battle group, and several F-6 naval fighters were sent out to assist when U.S. forces practiced antisubmarine measures on it. This showed effective PLAN communications, navigation and control. However, in 2003 Northern Fleet C2 failures led to the loss of a Ming submarine and its crew."

Are those stations identified by US for destruction? They seem to be very high value targets in that their loss would diminish PLAN capabilities.

Thank you for the article. I was referred to it a couple weeks ago by Officer of Engineers; however, this time around, I came to understand a great deal more.

**Franco Lolan** · 19 Nov 04,, 03:37

Also,
"Until it was dismantled in late September 2004, the American Seafarer system (76 Hz) consisted of two antennas, located at Clam Lake, Wisconsin (since 1977) and at Sawyer Air Force Base near Republic, Michigan (since 1980). Before 1977, the Sanguine system was used, placed in the Laurentian Shield in Wisconsin. The Russian antenna (ZEVS, 82 Hz) is installed at the Kola peninsula near Murmansk. It was noticed in the West in the early 1990s. The British Royal Navy once considered building their own transmitter at Glengarry Forest, Scotland, but the project was cancelled."
http://www.free-definition.com/ZEVS.html

Why was it dismantled?

**TechProtect101** · 06 Feb 05,, 08:55

Originally Posted by Franco Lolan

Rick, I have a very demanding school schedule, that's why I don't attach documents, sorry. I highly appreciate your perspicacious sagacity, please don't ignore any questions.
I looked up the Akula issue. Sorry, I could have sworn I read on Sinodefense.com that they were acquiring them.
I would side with USN any time. There is a good chance that after I get my Masters or Doctorate I'll join.

High School Junior in Florida? I don't think so.. If your schedule was so demanding, why so much time to surf several boards similar to this? Any documents you could attach would take seconds.

Good call, RickUSN. This guy's motives are questionable, at best.