Thursday, Feb. 7, 2008
Russia disappoints the world
By DAVID HOWELL
LONDON — What are we to do about Russia?
The question is a truly transcontinental one, since Russia is the next door neighbor of both Europe in the West and Japan in the East, and right now it is proving a very awkward one to handle.
For Europeans in general, and for Britain in particular, President Vladimir Putin's Russia is proving very different from the benign, open and friendly democracy that many hoped it would become when the Soviet Union collapsed.
Of course it was always recognized that the transition would be a difficult one, after years of communist misrule, hopeless economic distortion and suppression of enterprise in a swamp of overly centralized bureaucracy.
But in the event the move to free enterprise and market forces went if anything too swiftly. Clever monopolists quickly cornered the energy sector and amassed vast fortunes, the stock market soared, foreign investors crowded in (many of them burning their fingers) and alongside business growth crime and corruption flourished on a colossal scale.
But at least the place seemed friendly, attracting many tourists and seemingly ready to join the new democratic globalized order as a helpful member state.
Then came ex-KGB officer Putin, and things began to change. At first the West applauded the new strong man who would regain Russia's assets from the mega-rich oligarchs for the Russian people. It soon turned out that the Russian leadership was determined to play on extreme nationalist feelings, reject the view that it had somehow "lost" the Cold War and re-assert Russian power and influence.
Buoyed up by soaring oil and gas prices, Russia has now plainly joined the "awkward squad" of nations who always seem to be looking for trouble, rather than peaceful cohabitation with the rest of the international order.
The catalog of difficulties and tensions gets longer every day. The latest manifestation is Russia's very unhelpful attitude to the delicate issue of Kosovo, the former Serbian region whose Albanian majority is determined to break away and become independent. After years of negotiations the United Nations came out with a solution supervised independence under which the Serbian minority would be scrupulously guarded against Albanian violence.
It seemed the only way sensible forward, but the Russians are blocking it at every turn. Instead they are bolstering Serbia's natural reluctance to see an ancient piece of their territory break away. But this is only the latest in a long line of unhelpful Russian postures. Over Iran and its nuclear ambitions the Russian stance is ambiguous.
They say they do not want a nuclear Iran, but nor will they help over sanctions and other pressures to bring the Iranians to their senses.
Will they cooperate over international crime? Not much, to judge by Russian determination to prevent the chief suspect in the London murder of Alexander Litvinenko (by a particularly sinister form of radioactive poisoning) from being extradited to Britain and questioned.
The issue, instead of being handled quietly between friends, has turned into a major deterioration in British-Russian relations, with diplomats being expelled on both sides and now the Russian authorities closing down offices of the harmless, and completely non-political, British Council as some kind of almost childish retaliation.
Meanwhile, the whole of Western Europe looks at this prickly and unpredictable giant to its east with especial anxiety. This is because continental Europe is now heavily dependent on Russia for its daily supply of natural gas to its homes and factories — overall about 40 percent but in some countries, such as Austria and Hungary, almost entirely. This has produced brave talk from the EU institutions about a common energy front against the monopoly Russian supplier Gazprom — in effect part of the Russian government — while in practice each individual country, led by Germany, has quietly and fearfully made individual bargains with the Russians.
Countries closer to Russia, such as Ukraine and Belarus, who have dared query the terms of their gas supplies, have been met with the full force of Russian "energy diplomacy" and threatened with huge price hikes and cutoffs.
But all this behavior pales beside the rough treatment of foreign businesses that have invested heavily in Russia can now expect. Both the two British oil giants, BP and Shell, once warmly welcomed in Russia, have felt the hostile embrace of the Russian tax authorities and other agencies making their lives difficult at every turn.
Instances occur of arbitrary police raids on company offices, company identities being hijacked and then the companies faced with huge fines after bogus legal proceedings.
This is turning a nation that should be a responsible and key ally in the new international order into an ugly playground for crime, corrupt officialdom and xenophobia.
The only result can be to drive away the foreign investors who once crowded in and leave Russia isolated and disliked, temporarily enriched by high oil prices but in the end impoverished.
For the British it is particularly tragic because there exists in British minds a real sympathy and admiration for Russia and its people, for its culture, its literature, its sparkling genius and its past suffering. The temptation is to walk away and leave the Russians to their own self-imposed traumas — a riddle, wrapped in an enigma, inside a mystery, as Winston Churchill once described this mighty country.
But the right course is to be patient, not to retaliate except where the provocation is extreme, to see Russia as the disturbed nation it still is after the appalling communist experience and to keep reaching out in the hope that friendship and communication will bring Russia back into the respected place in the world it ought to enjoy.
It is not going to be easy, and the aggressive and surly Putin leadership — now being continued for some years to come with a slight reshuffling of Kremlin positions — makes it harder still. But we, the would-be good neighbors at both ends of great Russia — must all keep trying.
David Howell is a former British Cabinet minister and former chairman of the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee. He is now a member of the House of Lords.
Russia disappoints the world | The Japan Times Online
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