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  • The Qin Army

    In Chinese but with English subtitles (done amatuer-ly but passable).

    A few in the west know about the aspects of this army.
    Ying Zheng as King of Qin or Qin Shiuang Di as emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He conquered 6 of the warring states and unify China for the first time, basically the whole world or "all under heaven" (from the point of view of the peoples living in that area).

    230 BC: Qin conquers Han
    225 BC: Wei conquered
    223 BC Chu conquered
    222 BC Yan and Zhao conquered
    221 BC Qi conquered and unification completed
    Southern "barbarians" conquered
    Huns Pacified

    Episode 1 (Qin's Army)

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 复活的军&#2 29;›¢1-1Emperor's Army王者之师

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 复活的军&#2 29;›¢1-2Emperor's Army王者之师

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 复活的军&#2 29;›¢1-3Emperor's Army王者之师

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 复活的军&#2 29;›¢1-4Emperor's Army王者之师

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 复活的军&#2 29;›¢1-5Emperor's Army王者之师


    Episode 2 (Bloody Bronze - weapons)

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团2-1Bloody Bronze血色青铜

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团2-2Bloody Bronze血色青铜

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团2-3Bloody Bronze血色青铜

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团2-4Bloody Bronze血色青铜

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团2-5Bloody Bronze血色青铜


    Episode 3 (Battle of Changping - formation)

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团3-1Battlefieldæ­»ç”Ÿä¹ ‹åœ°

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团3-2Battlefieldæ­»ç”Ÿä¹ ‹åœ°

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团3-3Battlefieldæ­»ç”Ÿä¹ ‹åœ°

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团3-4Battlefieldæ­»ç”Ÿä¹ ‹åœ°

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团3-5Battlefieldæ­»ç”Ÿä¹ ‹åœ°

    Episode 4 Transportation and logistics

    YouTube - Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses兵马俑 ï¼šå¤æ´»ç š„军团4-1Transport关山é&#1 63;žæ¸¡

    Will update: as soon as new episodes arrive.
    Last edited by IDonT; 10 Oct 07,, 21:15.

  • #3
    Watched the 1st part ..gonna watched the rest tomorrow. the Terracotta Army has been a fascination to me since it was discovered. Thanks for the Links

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    • #4
      Originally posted by dave lukins View Post
      Watched the 1st part ..gonna watched the rest tomorrow. the Terracotta Army has been a fascination to me since it was discovered. Thanks for the Links
      I have seen them at British Museum. Absolutely fantastic they are. Superb display too - you get far closer than you can get if you go to China itself and they have some of the rarer statues (generals and a chariot etc). Couldn't recommend it more highly.
      at

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      • #5
        Originally posted by Trooth View Post
        I have seen them at British Museum. Absolutely fantastic they are. Superb display too - you get far closer than you can get if you go to China itself and they have some of the rarer statues (generals and a chariot etc). Couldn't recommend it more highly.

        Agreed, was there last weekend and it was a fantastic exhabition.

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        • #6
          I visited the Terracotta Army museum near Xian twice. It is really spectacular.

          The common opinion is that the Terracotta Army belongs to part of the Qin Shiuang Di tomb. A pyramid shape hill/small mountain several kilometers away is thought to be the tomb of Qin Shiuang Di.

          But there is debate about that now. IIRC, in the excavation of the Terracotta Army, a dagger was found with name on it. The name belong to a person that was one or two generations older than Qin Shiuang Di. So, there is people think that the Terracotta Army may belong to part of the tomb of that person. However, the tomb of that person has not been found yet.

          Another problem is that if we believe that pyramid shape hill/small mountain being the tomb of Qin Shiuang Di, it seems that the direction and distance of the Terracotta Army to the tomb don’t agree well with the ancient Chinese tomb building protocol at that time. So there is still myth to be discovered about the Terracotta Army and the tomb of Qin Shiuang Di.

          The great contribution of Qin Shiuang Di is that he united China. He also issued rules for standard Chinese characters, the standard units on length/distance and weight, the standard width of the road and carts and so on. But he was against the teaching of the Confucius and Laozi. He was a ruthless ruler. Qin ended during his son’s reign.

          After Qin, China entered one of her greatest historic period, the Han dynasty that takes the teaching of the Confucius as the official ideology with Laozi’s teaching as a philosophical thinking. Later in Eastern Han, the Buddhism came from India through Silk Road also gradulally envolved into part of the Chinese culture.
          Last edited by Zeng; 15 Nov 07,, 03:08.
          I am here for exchanging opinions.

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          • #7
            I am interested in the Warring States period, does anyone reccomend any books on this topic? Thanks.

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            • #8
              Originally posted by Herodotus View Post
              I am interested in the Warring States period, does anyone reccomend any books on this topic? Thanks.
              Romance of the 3 kingdoms.

              one of the chinese greatest litretures
              He conquers who endures - Persius

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              • #9
                Quote:
                Originally Posted by Herodotus
                I am interested in the Warring States period, does anyone reccomend any books on this topic? Thanks.

                Romance of the 3 kingdoms.

                one of the chinese greatest litretures
                dude, Three kingdoms period is sometime 500 years later from the warring states period. It occured when the Han empire fall to parts in round 200 AD. YES, ROTK is a great historical novel. If you play the Dynasty Warriors, you will find easier to read that book.

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                • #10
                  Thanks, I did look up Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it was of a different era and also fiction. I should have specified, history books covering the era, preferably written by a PHD and from an academic press, and in English too.

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                  • #11
                    Originally posted by Tangyiying View Post
                    dude, Three kingdoms period is sometime 500 years later from the warring states period. It occured when the Han empire fall to parts in round 200 AD. YES, ROTK is a great historical novel. If you play the Dynasty Warriors, you will find easier to read that book.
                    The Warring Period 453?-221 bc when the leaders of the Wei, Han and Chao clans attacked the Ruler of Chin and defeated him at Chin Yang in 453?bc

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                    • #12
                      don't ask me to translate this.

                      ORBAT of a Chinese Warring state/Qing Army


                      现代军队编制一般都是统一的,在平时和战时的编制基本相同,要调动的话也是成建制的调动。但中国古代军队往 往有两种编制,一种是平时组织训练的编制,另一种是战斗部队的编制。当要组建参战部队时需要打破原来的编制 ,将士兵重新组织到新的战斗编制中去。

                        中国古代军队编制的另一个重要特点是,基本的固定编制规模逐渐缩小,越到后来,千人以上的部队就越是习 惯于采用临时组编的办法来编成。

                        1、什伍之制

                        5进位以及10进位制是人类普遍采用的记数方法,因此也很早就用来计算并编制士兵。中国古代军队的基本 编制单位就是一五一十点数的什伍之制。另外古代展开军队作战时往往会排列左、右两路或左、中、右三路的 阵势,由此影响到军队有时要采用2进位或3进位(包括其倍数)的编制。

                        出土的商代墓葬遗址中,殉葬人大多是10人一排,墓外的殉葬坑一般也是10人一组,

                        陪葬的铜兵器往往也是10件为一捆,或许当时已经有了什的士兵编制。有人认为甲骨文中的行字也 就是10个什,由百夫长指挥;10行 编为大行,由千夫长指挥;作战时习惯按照左、中、右各一个大行来排列阵势,投入战斗的3个大行 就称之为师,是商代最基本战略单位。据说商王亲自率领的王师就是由3个师组成。不过根据安阳一 个商朝墓葬出土的战车来看,却是5辆一组,前三后二,每辆有3套作战武器,说明每辆有3名士兵;另外前面又 有3个殉葬坑,每坑殉葬5人,看来应该是为前面3辆战车提供勤务的徒役。另一处车马坑则是集中埋葬了25辆 战车。据此推测,再结合一些史料的记载,商代的战车编制是实行5进位制的。5辆一队,5队、25辆战车组成 的战斗单位由马亚指挥;而出动100辆战车时的指挥官叫多马亚;一次出动的战车如果超过了二、三百 辆,就要由商王亲自指挥了。

                        一般认为商代开创的这种什伍之制后来被周朝继承。周武王伐纣发布《牧誓》就提到百夫长、千夫长 。而周代的军队也是以战车为核心,1辆战车及其配属的步兵合称乘,是最小的编制单位。乘战车的甲士是3 名,至于配属的步兵究竟有多少,众说纷纭。按照成书于战国时期的《司马法》一书的说法,每乘是甲士10名( 3名上车作战,7名在车下作战),徒役20名。但也有人认为20个徒役中只有5名承担养马、炊饮,另外15 名也参加战斗。比较一致的说法是每5乘编为1队,由仆射指挥;每两队(10乘)由官指挥;每10队(5 0乘)编为卒,由卒长指挥;每2卒(100乘)编为师,由师氏指挥。周代仍然以师为基 本单位,但师的数量逐渐增加,据说西周有14个师。

                        春秋时期军队中步兵比重逐渐增大,根据蓝永蔚《春秋时期的步兵》一书的研究,认为这一时期每乘步兵从2 5名逐渐增加到50名、75名,而楚国军队每乘步兵为100名。西周时作战在排列阵势时一般将参战部队分为 左、中、右3个集群,号为三军,并按照集群的战术重要性又称为上、中、下军,而以总指挥所在的中军地位 为最高。春秋时期各国之间战争频繁,这种战术单位逐渐固定,成为师以上的又一编制单位。各个诸侯国编成 的军数目不同,有的有3军,有的有4军,有的有6军。军所隶属的战车以及士兵数量并不完全一致,一般来说在 200乘上下。步兵逐渐在独立作战中也形成了新的编制,据《国语》记载吴国步兵的编制,为10进位制的:1 0人为队,10队为行,10行为旌,10旌为军。

                        战国时期步兵成为主力,各国编制不尽相同。据《周礼》(一般认为该书反映的是儒家理想中的国家制度,其 中有一些是成书时的制度)的说法,步兵每5名编为伍,由伍长指挥;5个伍(25 人)编为两,由两司马指挥;4个两编为卒(100人),由卒长指挥;5个卒编为 旅(500人),由旅帅指挥;5个旅 编为师(2500人),由师帅指挥;5个师编为军(12500人),由军将指挥。而《尉缭 子》的说法,可能是魏国的步兵编制:5人为伍, 10人为什,50人为属,100人为闾。《商君书》提到的可能是秦国的步兵编制,则5人为伍,50人设屯 长,500人设五百主,1000人设二五百主。骑兵的编制应当与此相近。

                        总的来看,早期步兵都以5人为战斗单位。据《司马法》一书,5人分别使用弓、殳、矛、戈、戟,成纵队战 斗队形时,短兵器在前、长兵器在后。5个伍排列成一个方阵两,两司马为甲士,居中担任指挥。看来这种步 兵战术与基本编制配合得很好。

                        秦国实行全民皆兵,索性将成年男子一律称之为士伍。平时按照居住地点就近编伍,由各郡的郡尉、各县 的县尉负责训练,警备治安。大规模征发参战时,就由郡尉、县尉率领上前线。

                        参战时由朝廷任命的统帅进行实行战时编制,委派若干将军分领几个作战集群,集群下将各地征发的士兵 按其地域集中编制为某一战斗部队,号为部,由朝廷委派的校尉指挥;部下分为若干个(一般也应是5进 位制)曲,约1000人,由军侯指挥;曲以下按平时基本编制,整编为伍(有伍长)、什(有什长)、 队(50人或100人,有队率)、屯(500人,有屯长)。另外每一级军官都可支配约占编制10%的另编人 员为随从亲兵,担任警卫、通讯等特别战地勤务。

                        汉代军队编制沿袭秦代。按照战时编制的常备军逐渐固定,以部为基本单位。部由校尉指挥,因此部有时也称 校。校尉出缺由军司马代领。东汉时直属朝廷的北军五校尉部队称之为五营,每营应该相当于过去的 部,但编制定额仅千人左右。校尉的级别相当于郡尉(比二千石),军侯相当于县尉(比六百石),屯长、队率相 当于县吏(比二百石、百石)。以下的什长、伍长不算官。部以下的编制不固定,根据任务各有几个曲;而部 以上的编制也不固定,由朝廷根据战略方向、战役任务委派的将军,指挥根据该任务而组编的几个部,构成一支某 个战役或战略方向的兵力,有时就称军。将军的指挥部由于要在野地宿营搭建帐篷而称之为幕府,朝廷往往给 予相当大的人事权力,允许临时任命幕府官员,因此将军出征也就叫做开府。
                      the misery of being exploited by capitalists is nothing compared to the misery of not being exploited at all -- Joan Robinson

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                      • #13
                        machine translation


                        Modern military establishment are generally uniform, in peacetime and wartime establishment basically the same, we must bring it is formed into the mobilization. However, in ancient China there are two military establishment, is a peacetime organization and training and the preparation, and the other is the establishment of the fighting forces. When the formation of the fighting forces, to the need to break the original establishment, soldiers will be reorganized into the new establishment to the fighting.

                        Ancient Chinese military establishment Another important feature is that, the basic preparation of a fixed scale is gradually narrowing, the more later, 1,000 more troops are accustomed to the use of temporary Group with the approach to composition.

                        1, the system even Kivu

                        5-bit and 10-bit system is the universal human mind using several methods, and therefore very early preparation for the calculation and soldiers. Ancient Chinese army is the basic unit of Yiwuyishi points "even Kivu" system. Another ancient launched military operations will be arranged when they left, right or both on the left, middle and right three-way at the plate, thus affecting the armed forces sometimes used 2-or 3-bit binary (including its multiples) establishment.

                        Shang Dynasty burial site unearthed in the sacrificial victims were mostly 10 in a row, the sacrificial lambs of the tomb of the general pit is a group of 10 people,

                        Funerary weapons of copper is often a sheaf of 10 for, perhaps when we have the "even" the preparation of the soldiers. Some people think that Oracle in the "profession" is the word 10 "even" from "Baifuchang" command; 10 "transportation" for "Taihang" from "Qianfuchang" command, operations, in accordance with the customary left, , and the right to a "Taihang" to order plate. fighting on the three Daxing called the "division" is the most basic strategic unit Shang Dynasty. It is said that personally led Shangyu "Wang Shi" is the three "Teacher" component. However, according to a Shang dynasty tombs unearthed in Anyang to the chariot of view, it is a group of five, after the first three, each with three sets of combat weapons, the soldiers each have three other victims before another three pit Each pit sacrificial lambs 5, it should be a three in front of the tank to provide logistical support followers easements. Another is to concentrate Chemakang buried 25 vehicles. Accordingly speculate, in combination with some historical records, the degree of preparation is a chariot 5 rounding system. A team of five, five teams, consisting of 25 tanks combat units from "Maya" command, and sent 100 tanks, the commander called "multi-Maya" If dispatched to the chariot of more than two , 300, it is necessary to personally commanded by Shangyu.

                        Shang is generally believed that even Mrs. create such a system was later Chou dynasty succession. King Wu week released "grazing oath" mentioned "Baifuchang", "Qian Fuzhang." Zhou Dynasty and the army is at the core to vehicles, a tank and infantry with the support of the "x" is the establishment of the smallest units. Jiashi is chariot by the three, as for the support of infantry how many and controversial. According to a book in the Warring States period, "Sima Law," a book that, each by the Jiashi 10 (3 car combat, seven operations in the car), only 20 easements. However, some people think that only 20 easements only five to keep horses, drinking straw, and 15 also participated in the fighting. Comparison of the same argument is made for every five by a team from Puyi command every two (10 x) from the "officials" commanded 10 per team (50 x) for "single" from "Death of" command Each 2 single (100 x) for "teacher", from "the division's" command. Zhou still "teacher" for the basic unit, but the increased volume of the division, said the Western Zhou Dynasty and 14 divisions.

                        Spring and Autumn Period in the armed forces is gradually increasing the proportion of infantry, according to the Blue Wing Wei "Spring and Autumn Period of infantry," a book on that during this period by each infantry gradually from 25 to 50, 75, and Chu each by the army for the 100 infantry. Western Zhou Dynasty, when a report on operations in the general order of the combatant units will be divided into left, middle and right three clusters of "armed forces", and in accordance with the tactical importance of the cluster is also known as the upper, middle and lower-jun, with a total in the army command post in the highest position. Spring and Autumn Period frequent wars between countries, such tactical units gradually fixed, a "division" over the preparation of another unit. All the nobility of the number of the military establishment, some are Third Army, and some four-jun, some six army. Troops, as well as soldiers attached to the chariot of the number is not entirely consistent, in general by 200 from top to bottom. Gradually independent infantry combat has also created a new establishment, according to the "national language" Wu infantry records the establishment of a 10-bit system: 10 artificial teams, 10 teams for the trip, 10 of Jing, 10-Jun Jing.

                        Warring States period, a main infantry, the preparation of different countries. According to "Zhouli" (generally considered the book reflects the Confucian ideal of a national system, some of which is the system in a book) that the infantry every five classified as "Mrs.", by the Wu-command; 5 " Mrs. "(25) for" two "from" 2 Sima "command; 4" 2 "for" Death "(100), from" Death of "command; 5" single "for" brigade "(500), from" brigade Shuai "command; five" A "for" Teacher "(2500), from" division Shuai "command; five division series for the" military "(12500)," Army "command. "Weiliaozi", may Wei infantry prepared: 5 association, even 10 people, 50 people are 100 people Lu. "Shang Jun book," mentioned the possibility of the preparation of the Qin infantry, five associate, 50 people set up a "Tuen long," 500 people a "500 Main" and 1000 for "Erwubai Lord." Cavalry and the preparation of this should be similar.

                        Overall, both early infantry combat units to five people. According to the "Sima Act," which five people were using bow and Shu, spears, Bengo, Ji, a column in battle formation, the former short weapon and long weapon in the post. 5 Kivu arranged in a square, "two", the two Sima to Jiashi, and the command center. This seems basic infantry tactics and with a good preparation.

                        Qin universal implementation of all soldiers, will simply be known as adult men, "Mrs. disabilities." Peacetime according to the nearest place of residence for Kivu, Wei county by county, the county is responsible for training Xianyu, security guards. Levy a large-scale war, it is from Wei County, Xianyu led by the front lines.

                        From the war, the commander in chief of the court for the appointment of a wartime establishment, appointed a number of "general" at several leading combat clusters, cluster around under the levy of its soldiers for a particular geographical focus on the preparation of the fighting forces, of "Ministry" , appointed by the court "XiaoWei" command; subordinates divided into a number of (generally should be 5 to rounding system), "", about 1000 people, "Hou military" command;-The following peacetime basic preparation, the integration association ( Wu has long), even (very long), the teams (50 people or 100 people, there are teams rate), Tuen (500 people, Tuen long). Another officer can be dominant at every level of about 10% of the staff for another attendant Qingbing as security, communications, and other special war-related tasks.

                        Han military establishment followed the Qin Dynasty. Prepared in accordance with the standing army gradually wartime fixed to the basic units of the Department. XiaoWei command from the Department, the Department of sometimes also called "schools." XiaoWei vacancy Sima receive from the military. Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court under the North. "Five XiaoWei" forces known as the "five battalion" each business should be equivalent to the Department of the past, but only 1,000 of fixed around. XiaoWei equivalent to the level of county Wei (than 2000 Dan), the military equivalent of Xian Wei Hou (than 600 stone), Tuen long, the equivalent rate Xianli team (than 200 stone, 100 stone). Even following long, long Kivu is not official. Following the establishment of the Department is not fixed, in accordance with their mandate of several "QU" and the establishment of the above is fixed by the court in accordance with the strategic direction, operational tasks assigned generals, under the command of the task group for the several ministries, a a battle or a strategic direction of its military forces, said the military sometimes. General Command in the wild due to camping tents and structures called "shogunate", the court often given considerable powers of personnel, allowing temporary appointments shogunate officials, it will set off General called "open government."
                        the misery of being exploited by capitalists is nothing compared to the misery of not being exploited at all -- Joan Robinson

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                        • #14
                          Han military establishment followed the Qin Dynasty
                          I thought Han followed the Wei Dynasty

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                          • #15
                            Originally posted by dave lukins View Post
                            I thought Han followed the Wei Dynasty
                            You may have confused the Han dynasty, the dynasty that followed the Qin, and the State of Han, one of the 7 warring states.

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