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in addition to what triple C said,
the "barbarians" on the borders of the empire vastly enriched themselves through trade, and after a while developed both the economy and the military might needed to challenge the empire successfully.
added to that fact was the "cold war" that rome was undergoing with persia at the time- that was a huge drain on resources and troops, as rome was fighting at the end of a long supply line while persia simply drew off the huge bounty of the crescent.
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Never let the future disturb you. You will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which today arm you against the present.
-Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
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