highsea

Not different "kinds" (technically flavors), but a different combination of the same kind. Protons being 2 "up quarks" and 1 "down", neutrons being 2 "downs" and 1 "up".

Gunnut- the Standard Model provides 12 fundamental particles- 6 quarks and 6 leptons. All matter is some combination of these 12 particles. Each particle has an associated anti-particle, and all anti-matter is some combination of the 12 anti-particles.

Quarks are social and only exist in combinations with other quarks. Leptons exist as weak doublets, and do not combine into groups. There are 3 flavors of lepton- electron, muon, and tau. Each one has it's associated neutrino, and that makes up the 6 leptons in the Standard Model.

Quarks combine in 2 different ways- there are 3-quark combinations that make up baryons (protons and neutrons) and 2-quark combinations (quark and anti-quark) that make up the mesons. The combinations are always color-neutral. There is no such thing as a 4-quark combination, since it wouldn't be color-neutral. This family of particles is known as Hadrons.

For Bosons (the force carriers) like Photons and Gluons, there is no distinction between antimatter and normal matter, since they are charge-neutral. Also, the Pauli Exclusionary Principle doesn't apply to Bosons.

One must keep in mind that these are mathematical constructs, and not actually particles per se.

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