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Macedonians, Spartans and the Theben elite the rest were conscripts, mercs or a mix sent as tribute (Mac missile units were formed out of people Philip beat into line). Part of the reason for the Athenian rush at Chaeronea was the fact they were basically a militia force. The hoplite was ideal for the times to have a militia force to stand up for a short conflict. The Macedonians changed the phalanx game up not only with equipment but with training. Missile units were the most common merc forces.

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To sit down with these men and deal with them as the representatives of an enlightened and civilized people is to deride ones own dignity and to invite the disaster of their treachery - General Matthew Ridgway