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The only real tactical misatke were two, at Salamis and Marthon, agreeing to fight anyware near Salamis in the first place, and sending the cavalry away at Marathon. Strategically, lets not forget even after Platrea they were still in control of most of Greece, and they decided to withraw, rather then being compelled. And they continued playing a part in Greek affairs until old Alex showed up, even sending troops in the Pelopennisaian war.
As for effects, well as for Greek civilization, not much would have been lost, considering most of the Greek philiosphy came before the whole Persian business, and its authors are little known, (Socrates, and Aristotle copied them shamelessly), and contary to popular perception the Persians were far from uncivilized, as any one who has read Herodotus (as opposed to merely quote him ) can attest to. This is presuming that the Persians even wanted to rule Greece at all, their war aims were to extract tribute (suceeded) from the rebelious Greeks and in 490 BC punish Athens for the Ionian Revolt. In 480 BC it was to punish Athens again for Marathon (and they did capture Athens and burn the Acropoli).
Now if say Persia did annex Hellas, then there may not have been Alexander and no Hellenic age. And there would have been Rome vs Persia three hundred years earlier.
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"Any relations in a social order will endure if there is infused into them some of that spirit of human sympathy, which qualifies life for immortality." ~ George William Russell
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