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As for Battleships not having SONAR, the philosophy at the time of their construction (1940's) was that was the job of ASW Destroyers that would always escort Battleships and Carriers. But that was when we had several thousands of ships in the Navy.
In Viet Nam, the only escort (or consort) New Jersey had was the guided missile cruiser England for AAW. There was no concern then about the NVN having submarines.
When we reactivated the BB's in the 80s there was some serious studies being done to mount transducers on the port and starboard sides of the ship's hull (slightly forward of Turret I) rather than adding a dome. Preliminary plans had already been drafted but the full project was never funded for detail design.
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